There are many deep learning (DL) architectures, artificial neural networks (ANNs) in general, and some optimization algorithms (OAs) for training them. There hasn’t been much interest in inventing new OAs as there has been for ANNs. That is why there have been many DL-archs versus one or few optimizers, all of which are based on some form of gradient descent. But why is it…
Level 1. Introduction to C Table of Contents Level 1. Introduction to C 1. Hello, World! Computers talk with commands. Computers have their own command vocabulary. Hello, World! 2. Basics Your computer can memorize things Equality in programming is not the same as equality in mathematics Your computer can “talk” and “listen” The printf(…) function The scanf(…) function Compiling and Running programs Linux (Ubuntu) MacOS Windows (don’t use…
Level 1. Introduction to C 1.7. Data Structures All variables in one place Being able to represent integers, floating-point numbers, characters, and pointers (i.e., memory addresses) is cool. But what if you wanted to represent more complex and/or abstract objects? To illustrate it with a practical example, let’s suppose that we want to represent a person by storing his/her age, gender, heigh, weight, and…
Level 1. Introduction to C 1.6. Arrays Hold my integers Imagine a case where you need to work with tabular-like data of the ages of 50 people. How would you store these numbers in the computer’s memory? Would you type out 50 different variable names one by one, such as age1, age2, age3, etc., and then assign values to them? You could absolutely do…
Question. You and a fellow prisoner are imprisoned in a dungeon and are facing execution. As is usual in these problems, the prison warden has both a love of recreational mathematics and an unusual amount of judicial latitude when it comes to deciding your fate. They want to give you and your cellmate a chance of freedom but don’t want to make it too…
Level 1. Introduction to C 1.5. Pointers How to think about a computer’s memory You may have already had a suspicious look at your personal computer at home and wondered how that thing’s memory system works. Well, here is how you should think about it: a computer’s memory is like a tape with many individual cells on it. When you declare an arbitrary variable…
Level 1. Introduction to C 1.4. Control Flow Branching is a strategy to make perfect plans in the imperfect or incomplete world. The control flow of a program execution is the path of sequential instructions the computer executes while running the program. So far, you have seen a linear and non-branching control flow where the computer executes each instruction in the main() function. However, we can…
Level 1. Introduction to C 1.3. Functions I receive Inputs, You receive Output What is a function? Roughly speaking, in the mathematical sense, it is a mapping from some input space to some output space such that no two different output values correspond to the same input value. In programming, we also call inputs the arguments given to a function. In fact, we even…
Level 1. Introduction to C 1.2. Basics Your computer can memorize things One of the things that you can make your computer remember is integer numbers. As one would do in math, you can assign numbers to variables (usually to reuse them later on when needed). Roughly speaking, this is how computers remember things. You use a variable to make a computer remember a…
Level 1. Introduction to C 1.1. Hello, World! What if I told you that you could talk to your computer via text files? Yeah, that’s right. Opening up a text file is like opening your messaging app to talk to your friend. The sorts of things that you can write on a messaging app, such as asking whether your friend will come to the…